Evisceración de intestino delgado por periné posterior como presentación de hernia interrecto-vaginal: reporte de un caso / Evisceration of the small intestine through the posterior perineum aspresentation of interrecto-vaginal hernia: a case report

Introducción. El enterocele es causado por un defecto herniario del piso pélvico, siendo el más común la hernia interrecto-vaginal. Se produce por un debilitamiento del piso pélvico, por diversos factores, entre ellos, las cirugías en la región pélvica, el estreñimiento crónico o las patologías que aumentan la presión intraabdominal, el antecedente de prolapso rectal o vaginal, y también, factores congénitos. Presentación de caso. Paciente femenina de 84 años de edad, con antecedentes de un parto eutócico y múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos, entre ellos histerectomía hace 40 años y rectosigmoidectomía por enfermedad diverticular complicada hace 6 años, quien cuatro meses antes presenta constipación crónica, que empeora en los días previos a su ingreso, con dolor perineal intenso y salida de asas intestinales a nivel de la región perineal, que la obliga a consultar a Urgencias. Al encontrarse con asas intestinales expuestas, con cambios de coloración, es intervenida quirúrgicamente con resultado satisfactorio, postquirúrgico inmediato optimo y seguimiento por consulta externa por 3 meses sin evidencia de recidiva. Discusión. La hernia interrecto-vaginal tiene una incidencia baja y una presentación clínica variada. El único tratamiento es quirúrgico

Introduction. The enterocele is produced by an hernia defect of the pelvic floor, being the most common the interrecto-vaginal hernia. It is produced by weakness of the pelvic floor for multiples factors, among them surgeries of the pelvic region, chronic constipation or pathologies that increase intra-abdominal pressure, a history of rectal or vaginal prolapse, and congenital factors. Case report. A 84-year-old female patient, with a history of eutocic delivery and multiple surgical procedures, including hysterectomy 40 years ago and rectosigmoidectomy for complicated diverticular disease 6 years ago, presented four months earlier with chronic constipation, which worsens in the days before her admission, with intense perineal pain and exit of intestinal loops at the level of the perineal region, which forced her to consult the emergency room. At examination the intestinal loops were found exposed, with color changes, she underwent surgery with satisfactory results, optimal immediate postoperative and outpatient follow-up for 3 months with no evidence of recurrence. Discussion. Interrecto-vaginal hernia has a low incidence and a varied clinical presentation. The only treatment is surgery

Evisceración del intestino delgado estrangulado en una anciana con douglascele / Evisceration of the impacted small bowel in an elderly with douglascele

Se presenta el caso clínico de una anciana de 86 años de edad con evisceración del intestino delgado a través del periné. Se efectuó la exploración quirúrgica urgente del abdomen y se observó la perforación del fondo del saco de Douglas y la salida de 50 cm de intestino delgado estrangulado, de manera que se realizó la resección intestinal de todo el segmento afectado y anastomosis termino-terminal. Luego se reparó el defecto del fondo del saco de Douglas con una plastia perineal, para lo cual se utilizó una malla de polipropileno. Este proceder es una buena alternativa para el tratamiento quirúrgico en quienes presentan hernias perineales, pues permite un cierre mejor, disecar el saco herniario y reducirlo adecuadamente.

The case report of a 86 years elderly is presented with evisceration of the small bowel through the perineum. The urgent surgical exploration of the abdomen was carried out and it was observed the perforation of the Douglas pouch and the 50 cm prominence of impacted small bowel, so that the bowel resection of the whole affected segment and end to end anastomosis was carried out. Then the Douglas pouch defect was repaired with a perineal plasty, for which a polypropylene mesh was used. This procedure is a good alternative for the surgical treatment in those who present perineal hernias, because it allows a better closing, to dissect the hernial sack and to reduce it appropriately.

Primary Pelvic Peritoneal Yolk Sac Tumor in the Post-Pubertal Female: a Case Report with Literature Review

Yolk sac tumors are rare malignant germ cell neoplasms that usually arise from the gonads. Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (EGYSTs) frequently occur in the mediastinum in post-pubertal females. EGYSTs in the pelvis are extremely rare, and to date, only thirteen cases have been reported in the English literature. Among them, the primary EGYST of the pelvic peritoneum in post-pubertal females has only been reported in ten cases. The present case describes a 26-year-old female diagnosed with primary peritoneal yolk sac tumor located in the rectouterine pouch. We report clinical and tumor imaging features, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance images (MRI), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), and present a review of the literature.

Peritoneal and Nodal Gliomatosis with Endometriosis, Accompanied with Ovarian Immature Teratoma: A Case Study and Literature Review

Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) indicates the peritoneal implantation of mature neuroglial tissue and is usually accompanied by ovarian mature or immature teratoma. Here, we report a case of ovarian immature teratoma associated with gliomatosis involving the peritoneum, lymph nodes and Douglas' pouch, where gliomatosis coexisted with endometriosis. As far as we know, only seven cases of GP have been reported as coexisting with endometriosis. Eight cases with mature glial tissue in the lymph nodes, i.e., nodal gliomatosis, have been published either in association with GP or in its absence. Metaplasia of pluripotent coelomic stem cells has been suggested to be responsible for the pathogenesis of endometriosis and GP rather than implantation metastases of ovarian teratomatous tumor with varying maturation. This theory is also applied to GP independently of ovarian teratomatous tumors. To the best of our knowledge, nodal gliomatosis coexisting with GP and also involving endometriosis has not yet been reported.

Multicystic benign mesothelioma of the pelvic peritoneum presenting as acute abdominal pain in a young woman

Multicystic benign mesothelioma (MBM) of the peritoneum is a very rare condition. Since the first description of MBM in 1979, approximately 100 cases have been reported. This is a case report of MBM of the pelvic peritoneum presenting as acute abdominal pain in a young woman. Laparoscopy confirmed multiple grapelike clusters of cysts that originated in the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch and histopathologic diagnosis was confirmed as MBM of the pelvic peritoneum. We hope to alert gynaecologists of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to MBM which can be accomplished by laparoscopy.

The review of laparoscopic adnexa tumor surgery through Douglas pouch / 대한산부인과내시경학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the result of laparoscopic surgery of adnexal tumors and removing excised tissue through Douglas pouch incision. METHODS: 110 patient who had visited Chosun University Hospital department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between January, 2011 to April, 2012 were involved in the study. Patient had laparoscopic surgery on the adnexal tumor and excised tissue was removed through Douglas pouch incision by single surgeon. RESULTS: The mean age of patients were 41.5 years. The size of the tumor varied from 3 cm to 27 cm in size using ultrasonography. The mean operation time was 61.3 minutes and the mean admission period was 4.2 days. 82 patient had salpingo-oophorectomy or oophorectomy, 19 had ovarian cystectomy, 2 had wedge resection and 4 had tumor enucleation. Histologic result reveal endometriosis in 23 patients (20.9%). teratoma in 21 (19%), serous cystadenoma in 14 (12.7%) and mucinous cystadenoma in 10 (9.1%). Other histologic finding includes hemorrhagic cyst, luteal cyst and paratubal cyst. There was no complication including bladder or rectal injury, suture site infection. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery of adnexal tumor and removal by Douglas pouch incision is a simple, safe and efficient method that could be considered as an alternative minimally invasive technique.

Neocolpoplastia com alça exclusa de sigmóide / Neocolpoplasty with excluded sigmoid segment

Introdução: O emprego de alças intestinais para tratamento de agenesia de vagina remontaao início do século vinte, porém tem sido pouco popularizado. Método: Os autores apresentamsete casos em que a neocolpoplastia foi realizada com o emprego de alça exclusa desigmóide, transposta através do fundo de saco de Douglas, por incisão peritoneal, e alojadaem um túnel dissecado entre o reto e a bexiga. A extremidade inferior foi suturada ao intróitovaginal com incisão quebrada em V, e a extremidade superior fechada em fundo cego, ousuturada ao redor do colo uterino telescopado através dela, quando o útero estava presente.Resultados: A evolução é de três a dez anos. A técnica foi executada em três casos comausência de vagina associada à agenesia de útero, um caso de síndrome adrenogenital comatresia de vagina associada a útero infantil, e três casos de agenesia de vagina com presençade útero funcional. O útero foi preservado, com seu colo dentro da neovagina, permitindomenstruações normais em dois deles. Discussão: Não foram necessários, nem indicados,dilatações ou uso de moldes no período pós-operatório. Os resultados foram bons e o índicede complicações pequeno. As vaginas permitem penetração fácil. São amplas, profundas eelásticas, com lubrificação e aspecto visual normais. Conclusão: A neocolplastia mostrouseuma técnica viável com baixo índice de complicação, principalmente estenoses.

Introduction: The use of intestinal loops for treatment of vaginal agenesis remounts to thebeginning of XX century; however it has been little popularized. Methods: The authorspresent seven cases wherein the neocolpoplasty has been realized with the use of excludedsigmoid loop, transposed trough the bottom of Douglas sack by peritoneal incision andaccommodated in a dissected tunnel between the rectum and the bladder. The inferiorextremity was sutured to the vaginal introit with incision in V, and the superior extremityclosed in a blind bottom, or sutured around of the telescoped uterine cervix trough her, whenthe uterus was present. Results: The evolution is from three to ten years. The techniquewas executed in three cases with vagina absence associated to the uterus agenesis, onecase of adrenogenital syndrome with the vagina atresia associated to an infantile uterus,and three cases of vaginal agenesis with the presence of functional uterus. The uterus waspreserved with his lap inside of the neovagina, allowing normal menstruation in two ofthem. Discussion: Weren’t necessary, not even indicated, dilations or use of molds in thepostoperative period. The results were good and the index of complications was small.The vaginas allow easy penetration. They are ample, deep and elastic, with lubrication andnormal visual aspect. Conclusion: The neocolpoplasty show it to be a viable techniquewith low complication index, mainly estenoses.

Adenocarcinoma vesical: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bladder adenocarcinoma: case presentation and literatura review

Paciente masculino mestizo de 39 años de edad, fumador con antecedentes de buena salud que acude a consulta externa refiriendo hematuria y dificultad para orinar. Se le realiza tacto rectal y se le detecta tumoración que hacía protusión en el saco de Douglas y de la cual se tomó biopsia para estudio histológico. Se llega al siguiente diagnóstico: C arcinoma papilar sin poder precisar origen exacto y que el diagnóstico concluyente quedaba sujeto a pruebas de inmunohistoquímica. Estas pruebas fueron realizadas y el diagnóstico diferencial quedó concluido como Adenocarcinoma papilar de vejiga urinaria . Nos entusiamó la controversia diagnóstica desde el punto de vista morfológico que se establece en esta entidad, la utilidad de las pruebas inumohistoquìmicas en su corroboración, así como la precisión del origen vesical o uracal.

A 39 years old male, black patient who smokes and previous history of health appears in the out patients department complaining of blood in the urine, difficulties in the miction. A rectal exam is performed and we detect a tumor protruding in the Douglas sac out of which we obtained a biopsy for morphologic studies. Diagnosis: Papillary adenocarcinoma of the bladder, the rest of the diagnosis remains in the inmunehistollogical exam of the sample. We were enthusiastic about the morphological controversy of this entity and the utility of the inmunehystochemical tests in its corroboration, therefore its prognostic factors.

The Significance of Peritoneal Effusion in Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSE: It has been reported that in colorectal cancer, the positive rate of the cytological examination of ascites is low and that the cytologically positive result of the cancer cell influences its prognosis; nonetheless, not many studies on the correlation of the formation of peritoneal effusion and cancer have been done yet. Thus, this study on the correlation of clinico-pathological findings with peritoneal effusion was initiated. METHODS: The study population, includes a total of 191 patients who underwent an operation for colon cancer and rectal cancer from May 1, 2004, to December 31, 2005. Peritoneal effusion considered to be present in cases with more than 10 cc of body fluid retained in the Douglas pouch, and a cytological test was performed on patients whose retained fluid was more than 50 cc. In all patients, the correlation of the clinico-pathological findings with peritoneal effusion was analyzed, and the volume of effusion and the positive result of peritoneal cytology were compared. RESULTS: Among the 191 patients, patients without peritoneal effusion numbered 133 (69.6%) and patients with peritoneal effusion numbered 58 (30.4%). Between the two groups, the presence of intestinal obstruction due to cancer (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal effusion, but without co-morbid medical diseases inducing such peritoneal effusion, by regarding peritoneal effusion itself as meaningful, the range of lymphadenectomies, adjuvant chemotherapy, and other additional therapy should be considered.

Detection of Micrometastasis in Draining Vein before & after Manipulation and Peritoneal Cavity in Colorectal Cancer by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reactions for Cytokeratin 20 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen

PURPOSE: Micrometastasis is known as a significant predictor of prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Recently, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been applied to detecting micrometastasis. The drainage vein and peritoneum were examined and the micrometastases assessed in a series of colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: 22 patients, who were histologically diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and 8 patients of serosal and peritoneal brushing, were examined using RT-PCR to amplify the mRNAs for two epithelial markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20). RESULTS: Among the 22 colorectal cancer patients, the positive rates of CK-20 and CEA mRNAs in the drainage vein were 10 (45%) and 7 (32%), and those of the serosal and peritoneal brushing were 6 (75%) and 5 (63%), respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the "no touch isolation technique" might be useful for operations in advanced colorectal cancer patients, and the brushing of the serosal or Douglas pouch can represent the micrometastasis status.

Use of RT-PCR for CK20 and CEA mRNA to Detect of Micrometastasis in the Draining Venous Blood and the Peritoneum in Gastric Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: The benefits of the "no-touch" isolation technique that is usually performed to prevent the circulation of tumor cells are not evident. The aim of this study was to determine whether the no-touch isolation technique for treating gastrointestinal cancers could prevent the circulation of tumor cells detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Matrials and Methods: By using RT-PCR to amplify mRNAs for two specific epithelial markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20), we examined 34 gastric cancer patients who had been histologically diagnosed and 22 patients had undergone serosal and peritoneal brushing. RESULTS: In 10 (29.4%) of the 34 gastric cancer patients, we detected CK20 mRNA before manipulation, and in 17 (51.5%) of those patients, after we detected it. The density of the CK20 mRNA band was increased in 11 cases (33.3%) and the density was decreased in 2 cases (6.1%). In 16 (48.5%) of the 34 gastric cancer patients, we detected CEA mRNA before manipulation, and in 17 (51.5%) patients after we detected it. The density of the CEA mRNA band was increased in 8 cases (24.2%) and decreased in 3 cases (9.1%). CONCLUSION: These result suggest that the "no-touch isolation technique" might be useful when operating on advanced gastric cancer patients and that serosal or Douglas pouch brushing can be used to determine the status of micrometastasis.

Use of RT-PCR for CK20 and CEA mRNA to Detect of Micrometastasis in the Draining Venous Blood and the Peritoneum in Gastric Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: The benefits of the "no-touch" isolation technique that is usually performed to prevent the circulation of tumor cells are not evident. The aim of this study was to determine whether the no-touch isolation technique for treating gastrointestinal cancers could prevent the circulation of tumor cells detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Matrials and Methods: By using RT-PCR to amplify mRNAs for two specific epithelial markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20), we examined 34 gastric cancer patients who had been histologically diagnosed and 22 patients had undergone serosal and peritoneal brushing. RESULTS: In 10 (29.4%) of the 34 gastric cancer patients, we detected CK20 mRNA before manipulation, and in 17 (51.5%) of those patients, after we detected it. The density of the CK20 mRNA band was increased in 11 cases (33.3%) and the density was decreased in 2 cases (6.1%). In 16 (48.5%) of the 34 gastric cancer patients, we detected CEA mRNA before manipulation, and in 17 (51.5%) patients after we detected it. The density of the CEA mRNA band was increased in 8 cases (24.2%) and decreased in 3 cases (9.1%). CONCLUSION: These result suggest that the "no-touch isolation technique" might be useful when operating on advanced gastric cancer patients and that serosal or Douglas pouch brushing can be used to determine the status of micrometastasis.

A Case of Mature cystic teratoma of the Douglas pouch Associated with an Pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회잡지

The mature cystic teratoma is most common in the ovary, and several authors have reported mature cystic teratoma in female genitalia such as fallopian tube, uterus and pouch of douglas. The mature cystic teratoma in the douglas pouch is very rare, which was reported only twice in the world. The pathogenesis of the mature cystic teratoma in the douglas pouch is not established. We experienced a case of mature cystic teratoma in the douglas pouch associated with pregnancy, which was diagnosed by the ultrasonography at the first trimester of pregnancy and remained at the third trimester of pregnancy without change of size. We report the case with a brief review of literature.

Endometriosis del fondo de saco de Douglas: RM como método de diagnóstico y seguimiento / MRI of Cul-de-sac endometriosis

La endometriosis es un desorden ginecológico caracterizado por la presencia de tejido endometrial funcionante ectópico. Según diferentes estudios la incidencia de endometriosis en mujeres en edad reproductiva oscila entre un 10 por ciento y 15 por ciento. Muchas son las teorías (Sampson o del transporte de sangre menstrual, metaplasia celómica, diseminación linfática, sanguínea, etc.) que entran en juego en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad. Presentamos los hallazgos obtenidos por urograma excretor, Tomografía Computada (TC), Resonancia Magnética (RM), citología e histología en una paciente portadora de endometriosis del fondo de saco de Douglas, para demostrar el valor de la RM como método de diagnóstico y seguimiento

Síndrome de obstrucción defecatoria: indicaciones y resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico / Defecatory obstruction syndrome: election criteria and results of surgical treatment

Antecedentes: Los trastornos de la defecación se dividen en aquellos en los que predominan los trastornos de la motilidad, aquellos con síntomas de obstrucción distal y en tercer lugar la combinación de ambos. Las alteraciones anatómicas y/o funcionales del piso de la pelvis, son la causa del denominado síndrome de obstrucción defecatoria (O.D.), obstrucción del tracto de salida o de bloqueo rectal. Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia de los autores en los criterios de selección y elección del tratamiento quirúrgico en el síndrome de obstrucción defecatoria y resultados obtenidos. Lugar de aplicación: División Cirugía General del Hospital Durand. Diseño: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Población: Cuarenta y cuatro pacientes fueron remitidos por síntomas de O.D. a la División Cirugía y a la práctica privada, veintiocho fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por fracaso del tratamiento médico. Método: Se analizan los síntomas y exámenes específicos (manometría, defecografía, test de expulsión del balón, electromiografía, est.), de 44 pacientes con sintomatología de O.D., con objeto de seleccionar los candidatos a cirugía en base a los fracasos del tratamiento médico y de biofeedback y excluyendo a los que presentaron megacolon, megarrecto, prolapso rectal completo, tumores, pólipos o tránsito colónico lento. Resultados: De los 28 pacientes seleccionados para cirugía, se evaluó la curación, mediante pautas preestablecidas, en 21 pacientes se logró curación completa, en 5 parcial y en 2 no se logró el objetivo. Se evaluó además la satisfacción del paciente con el resultado de la cirugía. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico en aquellos pacientes en los cuales fracasó el tratamiento médico presenta una elevada probabilidad de éxito. Inclusive se constató que un éxito quirúrgico parcial se correlacionó con una satisfacción plena por parte del paciente en cuanto a la mejoría clínica

Bloqueo rectal por fondo de saco rectogenital profundo: nuestra experiencia / Deep pouch of Douglas: a series of 20 cases

La persistencia de un fondo de saco de Douglas profundo es, en algunos casos, un factor de constipación, manifestado como dificultad para lograr la evacuación rectal. Se analizan retrospectivamente los resultados obtenidos con la resolución operatoria de 20 pacientes del sexo femenino y que fueron intervenidas entre los años 1974 y 1995, portadoras de fondo de saco de Douglas profundo. La edad promedio era de 58 años (rango 24-83 años). Se enfatiza en la importancia del interrogatorio para establecer el diagnóstico. La radiología se emplea para diagnóstico diferencial y documentación. La técnica de Moschowitz fue la empleada para reconstruir ese fondo de saco anormalmente profundo. No existió morbi-mortalidad intra ni post operatoria. El seguimiento se logró en 17 pacientes, y el tiempo del mismo osciló entre los 4 meses y los 20 años. Dieciseis de ellos tuvieron resultados satisfactorios con desaparición de los síntomas de bloqueo rectal

Anaerobic and aerobic microflora of pouch of Douglas aspirate v/s high vaginal swab in cases of pelvic inflammatory disease.

The anaerobic and aerobic bacterial flora in pouch of Douglas (POD) aspirate and high vaginal swabs (HVS) was studied in 43 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) using standard techniques. High vaginal swabs from 20 healthy women were included as controls. Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were isolated from 37 (86%) HVS and 31 (72%) POD aspirates from these 43 women. A total of 100 aerobic and 10 anaerobic bacterial strains were recovered from both the sites. Coagulase negative staphylococci (28), Escherichia coli (23) and Streptococcus faecalis (14) were predominant aerobic bacteria. Of the anaerobes, peptostreptococci species and Bacteroides species were more common, polymicrobial flora (more than one type of organism) was present in a total of 27 specimens. However mixture of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were seen in only 5 specimens. Of the 20 control specimens, ten were positive for organisms. Ten aerobic and 3 anaerobic bacterial strains were recovered.

Culdocentesis, a useful diagnostic tool in ectopic pregnancy

A four year study was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore to evaluate the role of culdocentesis as a diagnostic tool in relation to ectopic pregnancy. Colpopuncture was performed in 113 cases of ectopic pregnancy suspected on clinical and/or sonographic findings, and gave true positive results in 99 [87.61%] cases. As this procedure is very simple, does not require any advanced technology or training and gives fairly accurate results, it is more suitable in our working conditions as compared to sonography and laparoscopy